WutheringWaves/KcpSharp/KcpConversation.cs

using System;
using System.Buffers.Binary;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Net;


#if NEED_LINKEDLIST_SHIM
using LinkedListOfBufferItem = KcpSharp.NetstandardShim.LinkedList<KcpSharp.KcpSendReceiveBufferItem>;
using LinkedListNodeOfBufferItem = KcpSharp.NetstandardShim.LinkedListNode<KcpSharp.KcpSendReceiveBufferItem>;
#else
using LinkedListOfBufferItem = System.Collections.Generic.LinkedList<KcpSharp.KcpSendReceiveBufferItem>;
using LinkedListNodeOfBufferItem = System.Collections.Generic.LinkedListNode<KcpSharp.KcpSendReceiveBufferItem>;
#endif

namespace KcpSharp
{
    /// <summary>
    /// A reliable channel over an unreliable transport implemented in KCP protocol.
    /// </summary>
    public sealed partial class KcpConversation : IKcpConversation, IKcpExceptionProducer<KcpConversation>
    {
        private readonly IPEndPoint _remoteEndPoint;
        private readonly IKcpBufferPool _bufferPool;
        private readonly IKcpTransport _transport;
        private readonly uint? _id;

        private readonly int _mtu;
        private readonly int _mss;
        private readonly int _preBufferSize;
        private readonly int _postBufferSize;

        private uint _snd_una;
        private uint _snd_nxt;
        private uint _rcv_nxt;

        private uint _ssthresh;

        private int _rx_rttval;
        private int _rx_srtt;
        private uint _rx_rto;
        private uint _rx_minrto;

        private uint _snd_wnd;
        private uint _rcv_wnd;
        private uint _rmt_wnd;
        private uint _cwnd;
        private KcpProbeType _probe;
        private SpinLock _cwndUpdateLock;

        private uint _interval;
        private uint _ts_flush;

        private bool _nodelay;
        private uint _ts_probe;
        private uint _probe_wait;

        private uint _incr;

        private readonly KcpSendReceiveQueueItemCache _queueItemCache;
        private readonly KcpSendQueue _sendQueue;
        private readonly KcpReceiveQueue _receiveQueue;

        private readonly LinkedListOfBufferItem _sndBuf = new();
        private readonly LinkedListOfBufferItem _rcvBuf = new();
        private KcpSendReceiveBufferItemCache _cache = KcpSendReceiveBufferItemCache.Create();

        private readonly KcpAcknowledgeList _ackList;

        private int _fastresend;
        private int _fastlimit;
        private bool _nocwnd;
        private bool _stream;

        private bool _keepAliveEnabled;
        private uint _keepAliveInterval;
        private uint _keepAliveGracePeriod;
        private uint _lastReceiveTick;
        private uint _lastSendTick;

        private KcpReceiveWindowNotificationOptions? _receiveWindowNotificationOptions;
        private uint _ts_rcv_notify;
        private uint _ts_rcv_notify_wait;

        private KcpConversationUpdateActivation? _updateActivation;
        private CancellationTokenSource? _updateLoopCts;
        private bool _transportClosed;
        private bool _disposed;

        private Func<Exception, KcpConversation, object?, bool>? _exceptionHandler;
        private object? _exceptionHandlerState;

        private const uint IKCP_RTO_MAX = 60000;
        private const int IKCP_THRESH_MIN = 2;
        private const uint IKCP_PROBE_INIT = 7000;       // 7 secs to probe window size
        private const uint IKCP_PROBE_LIMIT = 120000;    // up to 120 secs to probe window

        /// <summary>
        /// Construct a reliable channel using KCP protocol.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="transport">The underlying transport.</param>
        /// <param name="options">The options of the <see cref="KcpConversation"/>.</param>
        public KcpConversation(IPEndPoint remoteEndPoint, IKcpTransport transport, KcpConversationOptions? options)
            : this(remoteEndPoint, transport, null, options)
        { }

        /// <summary>
        /// Construct a reliable channel using KCP protocol.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="transport">The underlying transport.</param>
        /// <param name="conversationId">The conversation ID.</param>
        /// <param name="options">The options of the <see cref="KcpConversation"/>.</param>
        public KcpConversation(IPEndPoint remoteEndPoint, IKcpTransport transport, int conversationId, KcpConversationOptions? options)
            : this(remoteEndPoint, transport, (uint)conversationId, options)
        { }

        private KcpConversation(IPEndPoint remoteEndPoint, IKcpTransport transport, uint? conversationId, KcpConversationOptions? options)
        {
            _remoteEndPoint = remoteEndPoint;
            _bufferPool = options?.BufferPool ?? DefaultArrayPoolBufferAllocator.Default;
            _transport = transport;
            _id = conversationId;

            if (options is null)
            {
                _mtu = KcpConversationOptions.MtuDefaultValue;
            }
            else if (options.Mtu < 50)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("MTU must be at least 50.", nameof(options));
            }
            else
            {
                _mtu = options.Mtu;
            }

            _preBufferSize = options?.PreBufferSize ?? 0;
            _postBufferSize = options?.PostBufferSize ?? 0;
            if (_preBufferSize < 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("PreBufferSize must be a non-negative integer.", nameof(options));
            }
            if (_postBufferSize < 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("PostBufferSize must be a non-negative integer.", nameof(options));
            }
            if ((uint)(_preBufferSize + _postBufferSize) >= (uint)(_mtu - 20))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("The sum of PreBufferSize and PostBufferSize is too large. There is not enough space in the packet for the KCP header.", nameof(options));
            }
            if (conversationId.HasValue && (uint)(_preBufferSize + _postBufferSize) >= (uint)(_mtu - 24))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("The sum of PreBufferSize and PostBufferSize is too large. There is not enough space in the packet for the KCP header.", nameof(options));
            }

            _mss = conversationId.HasValue ? _mtu - 24 : _mtu - 20;
            _mss = _mss - _preBufferSize - _postBufferSize;

            _ssthresh = 2;

            _nodelay = options is not null && options.NoDelay;
            if (_nodelay)
            {
                _rx_minrto = 30;
            }
            else
            {
                _rx_rto = 200;
                _rx_minrto = 100;
            }

            _snd_wnd = options is null || options.SendWindow <= 0 ? KcpConversationOptions.SendWindowDefaultValue : (uint)options.SendWindow;
            _rcv_wnd = options is null || options.ReceiveWindow <= 0 ? KcpConversationOptions.ReceiveWindowDefaultValue : (uint)options.ReceiveWindow;
            _rmt_wnd = options is null || options.RemoteReceiveWindow <= 0 ? KcpConversationOptions.RemoteReceiveWindowDefaultValue : (uint)options.RemoteReceiveWindow;
            _rcv_nxt = 0;

            _interval = options is null || options.UpdateInterval < 10 ? KcpConversationOptions.UpdateIntervalDefaultValue : (uint)options.UpdateInterval;

            _fastresend = options is null ? 0 : options.FastResend;
            _fastlimit = 5;
            _nocwnd = options is not null && options.DisableCongestionControl;
            _stream = options is not null && options.StreamMode;

            _updateActivation = new KcpConversationUpdateActivation((int)_interval);
            _queueItemCache = new KcpSendReceiveQueueItemCache();
            _sendQueue = new KcpSendQueue(_bufferPool, _updateActivation, _stream, options is null || options.SendQueueSize <= 0 ? KcpConversationOptions.SendQueueSizeDefaultValue : options.SendQueueSize, _mss, _queueItemCache);
            _receiveQueue = new KcpReceiveQueue(_stream, options is null || options.ReceiveQueueSize <= 0 ? KcpConversationOptions.ReceiveQueueSizeDefaultValue : options.ReceiveQueueSize, _queueItemCache);
            _ackList = new KcpAcknowledgeList(_sendQueue, (int)_snd_wnd);

            _updateLoopCts = new CancellationTokenSource();

            _ts_flush = GetTimestamp();

            _lastSendTick = _ts_flush;
            _lastReceiveTick = _ts_flush;
            KcpKeepAliveOptions? keepAliveOptions = options?.KeepAliveOptions;
            if (keepAliveOptions is not null)
            {
                _keepAliveEnabled = true;
                _keepAliveInterval = (uint)keepAliveOptions.SendInterval;
                _keepAliveGracePeriod = (uint)keepAliveOptions.GracePeriod;
            }

            _receiveWindowNotificationOptions = options?.ReceiveWindowNotificationOptions;
            if (_receiveWindowNotificationOptions is not null)
            {
                _ts_rcv_notify_wait = 0;
                _ts_rcv_notify = _ts_flush + (uint)_receiveWindowNotificationOptions.InitialInterval;
            }

            RunUpdateOnActivation();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Set the handler to invoke when exception is thrown during flushing packets to the transport. Return true in the handler to ignore the error and continue running. Return false in the handler to abort the operation and mark the transport as closed.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="handler">The exception handler.</param>
        /// <param name="state">The state object to pass into the exception handler.</param>
        public void SetExceptionHandler(Func<Exception, KcpConversation, object?, bool> handler, object? state)
        {
            if (handler is null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(handler));
            }

            _exceptionHandler = handler;
            _exceptionHandlerState = state;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get the ID of the current conversation.
        /// </summary>
        public int? ConversationId => (int?)_id;

        /// <summary>
        /// Get whether the transport is marked as closed.
        /// </summary>
        public bool TransportClosed => _transportClosed;

        /// <summary>
        /// Get whether the conversation is in stream mode.
        /// </summary>
        public bool StreamMode => _stream;

        /// <summary>
        /// Get the available byte count and available segment count in the send queue.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="byteCount">The available byte count in the send queue.</param>
        /// <param name="segmentCount">The available segment count in the send queue.</param>
        /// <returns>True if the transport is not closed. Otherwise false.</returns>
        public bool TryGetSendQueueAvailableSpace(out int byteCount, out int segmentCount)
            => _sendQueue.TryGetAvailableSpace(out byteCount, out segmentCount);

        /// <summary>
        /// Try to put message into the send queue.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="buffer">The content of the message.</param>
        /// <returns>True if the message is put into the send queue. False if the message is too large to fit in the send queue, or the transport is closed.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">The size of the message is larger than 256 * mtu, thus it can not be correctly fragmented and sent. This exception is never thrown in stream mode.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The send or flush operation is initiated concurrently.</exception>
        public bool TrySend(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer)
            => _sendQueue.TrySend(buffer, false, out _);

        /// <summary>
        /// Try to put message into the send queue.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="buffer">The content of the message.</param>
        /// <param name="allowPartialSend">Whether partial sending is allowed in stream mode. This must not be true in non-stream mode.</param>
        /// <param name="bytesWritten">The number of bytes put into the send queue. This is always the same as the size of the <paramref name="buffer"/> unless <paramref name="allowPartialSend"/> is set to true.</param>
        /// <returns>True if the message is put into the send queue. False if the message is too large to fit in the send queue, or the transport is closed.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException"><paramref name="allowPartialSend"/> is set to true in non-stream mode. Or the size of the message is larger than 256 * mtu, thus it can not be correctly fragmented and sent. This exception is never thrown in stream mode.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The send or flush operation is initiated concurrently.</exception>
        public bool TrySend(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer, bool allowPartialSend, out int bytesWritten)
            => _sendQueue.TrySend(buffer, allowPartialSend, out bytesWritten);

        /// <summary>
        /// Wait until the send queue contains at least <paramref name="minimumBytes"/> bytes of free space, and also <paramref name="minimumSegments"/> available segments.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="minimumBytes">The number of bytes in the available space.</param>
        /// <param name="minimumSegments">The count of segments in the available space.</param>
        /// <param name="cancellationToken">The token to cancel this operation.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException"><paramref name="minimumBytes"/> or <paramref name="minimumSegments"/> is larger than the total space of the send queue.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="OperationCanceledException">The <paramref name="cancellationToken"/> is fired before send operation is completed. Or <see cref="CancelPendingSend(Exception?, CancellationToken)"/> is called before this operation is completed.</exception>
        /// <returns>A <see cref="ValueTask{Boolean}"/> that completes when there is enough space in the send queue. The result of the task is false when the transport is closed.</returns>
        public ValueTask<bool> WaitForSendQueueAvailableSpaceAsync(int minimumBytes, int minimumSegments, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
            => _sendQueue.WaitForAvailableSpaceAsync(minimumBytes, minimumSegments, cancellationToken);

        /// <summary>
        /// Put message into the send queue.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="buffer">The content of the message.</param>
        /// <param name="cancellationToken">The token to cancel this operation.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">The size of the message is larger than 256 * mtu, thus it can not be correctly fragmented and sent. This exception is never thrown in stream mode.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="OperationCanceledException">The <paramref name="cancellationToken"/> is fired before send operation is completed. Or <see cref="CancelPendingSend(Exception?, CancellationToken)"/> is called before this operation is completed.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The send or flush operation is initiated concurrently.</exception>
        /// <returns>A <see cref="ValueTask{Boolean}"/> that completes when the entire message is put into the queue. The result of the task is false when the transport is closed.</returns>
        public ValueTask<bool> SendAsync(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
            => _sendQueue.SendAsync(buffer, cancellationToken);

        internal ValueTask WriteAsync(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
            => _sendQueue.WriteAsync(buffer, cancellationToken);

        /// <summary>
        /// Cancel the current send operation or flush operation.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>True if the current operation is canceled. False if there is no active send operation.</returns>
        public bool CancelPendingSend()
            => _sendQueue.CancelPendingOperation(null, default);

        /// <summary>
        /// Cancel the current send operation or flush operation.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="innerException">The inner exception of the <see cref="OperationCanceledException"/> thrown by the <see cref="SendAsync(ReadOnlyMemory{byte}, CancellationToken)"/> method or <see cref="FlushAsync(CancellationToken)"/> method.</param>
        /// <param name="cancellationToken">The <see cref="CancellationToken"/> in the <see cref="OperationCanceledException"/> thrown by the <see cref="SendAsync(ReadOnlyMemory{byte}, CancellationToken)"/> method or <see cref="FlushAsync(CancellationToken)"/> method.</param>
        /// <returns>True if the current operation is canceled. False if there is no active send operation.</returns>
        public bool CancelPendingSend(Exception? innerException, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
            => _sendQueue.CancelPendingOperation(innerException, cancellationToken);

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the count of bytes not yet sent to the remote host or not acknowledged by the remote host.
        /// </summary>
        public long UnflushedBytes => _sendQueue.GetUnflushedBytes();

        /// <summary>
        /// Wait until all messages are sent and acknowledged by the remote host, as well as all the acknowledgements are sent.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cancellationToken">The token to cancel this operation.</param>
        /// <exception cref="OperationCanceledException">The <paramref name="cancellationToken"/> is fired before send operation is completed. Or <see cref="CancelPendingSend(Exception?, CancellationToken)"/> is called before this operation is completed.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The send or flush operation is initiated concurrently.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ObjectDisposedException">The <see cref="KcpConversation"/> instance is disposed.</exception>
        /// <returns>A <see cref="ValueTask{Boolean}"/> that completes when the all messages are sent and acknowledged. The result of the task is false when the transport is closed.</returns>
        public ValueTask<bool> FlushAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
            => _sendQueue.FlushAsync(cancellationToken);

        internal ValueTask FlushForStreamAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
            => _sendQueue.FlushForStreamAsync(cancellationToken);

#if !NET6_0_OR_GREATER
        private ValueTask FlushCoreAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
            => new ValueTask(FlushCore2Async(cancellationToken));

        private async Task FlushCore2Async(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
#else
        private ValueTask FlushCoreAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            s_currentObject = this;
            return FlushCore2Async(cancellationToken);
        }

        [AsyncMethodBuilder(typeof(KcpFlushAsyncMethodBuilder))]
        private async ValueTask FlushCore2Async(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
#endif
        {
            int preBufferSize = _preBufferSize;
            int postBufferSize = _postBufferSize;
            int packetHeaderSize = _id.HasValue ? 24 : 20;
            int sizeLimitBeforePostBuffer = _mtu - _postBufferSize;
            bool anyPacketSent = false;

            ushort windowSize = (ushort)GetUnusedReceiveWindow();
            uint unacknowledged = _rcv_nxt;

            using KcpRentedBuffer bufferOwner = _bufferPool.Rent(new KcpBufferPoolRentOptions(_mtu + (_mtu - preBufferSize - postBufferSize), true));
            Memory<byte> buffer = bufferOwner.Memory;
            int size = preBufferSize;
            buffer.Span.Slice(0, size).Clear();

            // flush acknowledges
            {
                int index = 0;
                while (_ackList.TryGetAt(index++, out uint serialNumber, out uint timestamp))
                {
                    if ((size + packetHeaderSize) > sizeLimitBeforePostBuffer)
                    {
                        buffer.Span.Slice(size, postBufferSize).Clear();
                        await _transport.SendPacketAsync(buffer.Slice(0, size + postBufferSize), _remoteEndPoint, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                        _lastSendTick = GetTimestamp();
                        size = preBufferSize;
                        buffer.Span.Slice(0, size).Clear();
                        anyPacketSent = true;
                    }
                    var header = new KcpPacketHeader(KcpCommand.Ack, 0, windowSize, timestamp, serialNumber, unacknowledged);
                    header.EncodeHeader(_id, 0, buffer.Span.Slice(size), out int bytesWritten);
                    size += bytesWritten;
                }
            }

            uint current = GetTimestamp();

            // calculate window size
            uint cwnd = Math.Min(_snd_wnd, _rmt_wnd);
            if (!_nocwnd)
            {
                cwnd = Math.Min(_cwnd, cwnd);
            }

            // move data from snd_queue to snd_buf
            while (TimeDiff(_snd_nxt, _snd_una + cwnd) < 0)
            {
                if (!_sendQueue.TryDequeue(out KcpBuffer data, out byte fragment))
                {
                    break;
                }

                lock (_sndBuf)
                {
                    if (_transportClosed)
                    {
                        data.Release();
                        return;
                    }

                    _sndBuf.AddLast(CreateSendBufferItem(in data, fragment, current, windowSize, (uint)Interlocked.Increment(ref Unsafe.As<uint, int>(ref _snd_nxt)) - 1, unacknowledged, _rx_rto));
                }
            }

            // calculate resent
            uint resent = _fastresend > 0 ? (uint)_fastresend : 0xffffffff;
            uint rtomin = !_nodelay ? (_rx_rto >> 3) : 0;

            // flush data segments
            bool lost = false;
            bool change = false;
            LinkedListNodeOfBufferItem? segmentNode = _sndBuf.First;
            while (segmentNode is not null && !_transportClosed)
            {
                LinkedListNodeOfBufferItem? nextSegmentNode = segmentNode.Next;

                bool needsend = false;
                KcpSendSegmentStats stats = segmentNode.ValueRef.Stats;

                if (segmentNode.ValueRef.Stats.TransmitCount == 0)
                {
                    needsend = true;
                    segmentNode.ValueRef.Stats = new KcpSendSegmentStats(current + segmentNode.ValueRef.Stats.Rto + rtomin, _rx_rto, stats.FastAck, stats.TransmitCount + 1);
                }
                else if (TimeDiff(current, stats.ResendTimestamp) >= 0)
                {
                    needsend = true;
                    uint rto = stats.Rto;
                    if (!_nodelay)
                    {
                        rto += Math.Max(stats.Rto, _rx_rto);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        uint step = rto; //_nodelay < 2 ? segment.rto : _rx_rto;
                        rto += step / 2;
                    }
                    segmentNode.ValueRef.Stats = new KcpSendSegmentStats(current + rto, rto, stats.FastAck, stats.TransmitCount + 1);
                    lost = true;
                }
                else if (stats.FastAck > resent)
                {
                    if (stats.TransmitCount <= _fastlimit || _fastlimit == 0)
                    {
                        needsend = true;
                        segmentNode.ValueRef.Stats = new KcpSendSegmentStats(current, stats.Rto, 0, stats.TransmitCount + 1);
                        change = true;
                    }
                }

                if (needsend)
                {
                    KcpPacketHeader header = DeplicateHeader(ref segmentNode.ValueRef.Segment, current, windowSize, unacknowledged);

                    int need = packetHeaderSize + segmentNode.ValueRef.Data.Length;
                    if ((size + need) > sizeLimitBeforePostBuffer)
                    {
                        buffer.Span.Slice(size, postBufferSize).Clear();
                        await _transport.SendPacketAsync(buffer.Slice(0, size + postBufferSize), _remoteEndPoint, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                        _lastSendTick = GetTimestamp();
                        size = preBufferSize;
                        buffer.Span.Slice(0, size).Clear();
                        anyPacketSent = true;
                    }

                    lock (segmentNode)
                    {
                        KcpBuffer data = segmentNode.ValueRef.Data;
                        if (!_transportClosed)
                        {
                            header.EncodeHeader(_id, data.Length, buffer.Span.Slice(size), out int bytesWritten);

                            size += bytesWritten;

                            if (data.Length > 0)
                            {
                                data.DataRegion.CopyTo(buffer.Slice(size));
                                size += data.Length;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                segmentNode = nextSegmentNode;
            }

            _ackList.Clear();

            // probe window size (if remote window size equals zero)
            if (_rmt_wnd == 0)
            {
                if (_probe_wait == 0)
                {
                    _probe_wait = IKCP_PROBE_INIT;
                    _ts_probe = current + _probe_wait;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (TimeDiff(current, _ts_probe) >= 0)
                    {
                        if (_probe_wait < IKCP_PROBE_INIT)
                        {
                            _probe_wait = IKCP_PROBE_INIT;
                        }
                        _probe_wait += _probe_wait / 2;
                        if (_probe_wait > IKCP_PROBE_LIMIT)
                        {
                            _probe_wait = IKCP_PROBE_LIMIT;
                        }
                        _ts_probe = current + _probe_wait;
                        _probe |= KcpProbeType.AskSend;
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                _ts_probe = 0;
                _probe_wait = 0;
            }

            // flush window probing command
            if ((_probe & KcpProbeType.AskSend) != 0)
            {
                if ((size + packetHeaderSize) > sizeLimitBeforePostBuffer)
                {
                    buffer.Span.Slice(size, postBufferSize).Clear();
                    await _transport.SendPacketAsync(buffer.Slice(0, size + postBufferSize), _remoteEndPoint, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                    _lastSendTick = GetTimestamp();
                    size = preBufferSize;
                    buffer.Span.Slice(0, size).Clear();
                    anyPacketSent = true;
                }
                var header = new KcpPacketHeader(KcpCommand.WindowProbe, 0, windowSize, 0, 0, unacknowledged);
                header.EncodeHeader(_id, 0, buffer.Span.Slice(size), out int bytesWritten);
                size += bytesWritten;
            }

            // flush window probing response
            if (!anyPacketSent && ShouldSendWindowSize(current))
            {
                if ((size + packetHeaderSize) > sizeLimitBeforePostBuffer)
                {
                    buffer.Span.Slice(size, postBufferSize).Clear();
                    await _transport.SendPacketAsync(buffer.Slice(0, size + postBufferSize), _remoteEndPoint, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                    _lastSendTick = GetTimestamp();
                    size = preBufferSize;
                    buffer.Span.Slice(0, size).Clear();
                }
                var header = new KcpPacketHeader(KcpCommand.WindowSize, 0, windowSize, 0, 0, unacknowledged);
                header.EncodeHeader(_id, 0, buffer.Span.Slice(size), out int bytesWritten);
                size += bytesWritten;
            }

            _probe = KcpProbeType.None;

            // flush remaining segments
            if (size > preBufferSize)
            {
                buffer.Span.Slice(size, postBufferSize).Clear();
                await _transport.SendPacketAsync(buffer.Slice(0, size + postBufferSize), _remoteEndPoint, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                _lastSendTick = GetTimestamp();
            }

            // update window
            bool lockTaken = false;
            try
            {
                _cwndUpdateLock.Enter(ref lockTaken);

                uint updatedCwnd = _cwnd;
                uint incr = _incr;

                // update sshthresh
                if (change)
                {
                    uint inflight = _snd_nxt - _snd_una;
                    _ssthresh = Math.Max(inflight / 2, IKCP_THRESH_MIN);
                    updatedCwnd = _ssthresh + resent;
                    incr = updatedCwnd * (uint)_mss;
                }

                if (lost)
                {
                    _ssthresh = Math.Max(cwnd / 2, IKCP_THRESH_MIN);
                    updatedCwnd = 1;
                    incr = (uint)_mss;
                }

                if (updatedCwnd < 1)
                {
                    updatedCwnd = 1;
                    incr = (uint)_mss;
                }

                _cwnd = updatedCwnd;
                _incr = incr;
            }
            finally
            {
                if (lockTaken)
                {
                    _cwndUpdateLock.Exit();
                }
            }

            // send keep-alive
            if (_keepAliveEnabled)
            {
                if (TimeDiff(GetTimestamp(), _lastSendTick) > _keepAliveInterval)
                {
                    var header = new KcpPacketHeader(KcpCommand.WindowSize, 0, windowSize, 0, 0, unacknowledged);
                    header.EncodeHeader(_id, 0, buffer.Span, out int bytesWritten);
                    await _transport.SendPacketAsync(buffer.Slice(0, bytesWritten), _remoteEndPoint, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                    _lastSendTick = GetTimestamp();
                }
            }
        }

        private bool ShouldSendWindowSize(uint current)
        {
            if ((_probe & KcpProbeType.AskTell) != 0)
            {
                return true;
            }

            KcpReceiveWindowNotificationOptions? options = _receiveWindowNotificationOptions;
            if (options is null)
            {
                return false;
            }

            if (TimeDiff(current, _ts_rcv_notify) < 0)
            {
                return false;
            }

            uint inital = (uint)options.InitialInterval;
            uint maximum = (uint)options.MaximumInterval;
            if (_ts_rcv_notify_wait < inital)
            {
                _ts_rcv_notify_wait = inital;
            }
            else if (_ts_rcv_notify_wait >= maximum)
            {
                _ts_rcv_notify_wait = maximum;
            }
            else
            {
                _ts_rcv_notify_wait = Math.Min(maximum, _ts_rcv_notify_wait + _ts_rcv_notify_wait / 2);
            }
            _ts_rcv_notify = current + _ts_rcv_notify_wait;

            return true;
        }

        private LinkedListNodeOfBufferItem CreateSendBufferItem(in KcpBuffer data, byte fragment, uint current, ushort windowSize, uint serialNumber, uint unacknowledged, uint rto)
        {
            var newseg = new KcpSendReceiveBufferItem
            {
                Data = data,
                Segment = new KcpPacketHeader(KcpCommand.Push, fragment, windowSize, current, serialNumber, unacknowledged),
                Stats = new KcpSendSegmentStats(current, rto, 0, 0)
            };
            return _cache.Allocate(in newseg);
        }

        private static KcpPacketHeader DeplicateHeader(ref KcpPacketHeader header, uint timestamp, ushort windowSize, uint unacknowledged)
        {
            return new KcpPacketHeader(header.Command, header.Fragment, windowSize, timestamp, header.SerialNumber, unacknowledged);
        }

        private uint GetUnusedReceiveWindow()
        {
            uint count = (uint)_receiveQueue.GetQueueSize();
            if (count < _rcv_wnd)
            {
                return _rcv_wnd - count;
            }
            return 0;
        }

        private async void RunUpdateOnActivation()
        {
            CancellationToken cancellationToken = _updateLoopCts?.Token ?? new CancellationToken(true);
            KcpConversationUpdateActivation? activation = _updateActivation;
            if (activation is null)
            {
                return;
            }

            while (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
            {
                bool update = false;
                using (KcpConversationUpdateNotification notification = await activation.WaitAsync(CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false))
                {
                    if (_transportClosed)
                    {
                        break;
                    }

                    ReadOnlyMemory<byte> packet = notification.Packet;
                    if (!packet.IsEmpty)
                    {
                        update = SetInput(packet.Span);
                    }

                    if (_transportClosed)
                    {
                        break;
                    }

                    update |= notification.TimerNotification;
                }

                try
                {
                    if (update)
                    {
                        await UpdateCoreAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                    }
                }
                catch (OperationCanceledException)
                {
                    break;
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    if (!HandleFlushException(ex))
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (_keepAliveEnabled && TimeDiff(GetTimestamp(), _lastReceiveTick) > _keepAliveGracePeriod)
                {
                    SetTransportClosed();
                }
            }
        }

        private ValueTask UpdateCoreAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            uint current = GetTimestamp();
            long slap = TimeDiff(current, _ts_flush);
            if (slap > 10000 || slap < -10000)
            {
                _ts_flush = current;
                slap = 0;
            }

            if (slap >= 0 || _nodelay)
            {
                _ts_flush += _interval;
                if (TimeDiff(current, _ts_flush) >= 0)
                {
                    _ts_flush = current + _interval;
                }
                return FlushCoreAsync(cancellationToken);
            }
            return default;
        }

        private bool HandleFlushException(Exception ex)
        {
            Func<Exception, KcpConversation, object?, bool>? handler = _exceptionHandler;
            object? state = _exceptionHandlerState;
            bool result = false;
            if (handler is not null)
            {
                try
                {
                    result = handler.Invoke(ex, this, state);
                }
                catch
                {
                    result = false;
                }
            }

            if (!result)
            {
                SetTransportClosed();
            }
            return result;
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public ValueTask InputPakcetAsync(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> packet, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
        {
            if (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
            {
                return new ValueTask(Task.FromCanceled(cancellationToken));
            }
            int packetHeaderSize = _id.HasValue ? 24 : 20;
            if (packet.Length < packetHeaderSize)
            {
                return default;
            }

            ReadOnlySpan<byte> packetSpan = packet.Span;
            if (_id.HasValue)
            {
                uint conversationId = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(packet.Span);
                if (conversationId != _id.GetValueOrDefault())
                {
                    return default;
                }
                packetSpan = packetSpan.Slice(4);
            }

            uint length = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(packetSpan.Slice(16));
            if (length > (uint)(packetSpan.Length - 20)) // implicitly checked for (int)length < 0
            {
                return default;
            }

            KcpConversationUpdateActivation? activation = _updateActivation;
            if (activation is null)
            {
                return default;
            }

            return activation.InputPacketAsync(packet, cancellationToken);
        }

        private bool SetInput(ReadOnlySpan<byte> packet)
        {
            uint current = GetTimestamp();
            int packetHeaderSize = _id.HasValue ? 24 : 20;

            uint prev_una = _snd_una;
            uint maxack = 0, latest_ts = 0;
            bool flag = false;
            bool mutated = false;

            while (true)
            {
                if (packet.Length < packetHeaderSize)
                {
                    break;
                }

                if (_id.HasValue)
                {
                    if (BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(packet) != _id.GetValueOrDefault())
                    {
                        return mutated;
                    }
                    packet = packet.Slice(4);
                }

                var header = KcpPacketHeader.Parse(packet);
                int length = BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt32LittleEndian(packet.Slice(16));

                packet = packet.Slice(20);
                if ((uint)length > (uint)packet.Length)
                {
                    return mutated;
                }

                if (header.Command != KcpCommand.Push &&
                    header.Command != KcpCommand.Ack &&
                    header.Command != KcpCommand.WindowProbe &&
                    header.Command != KcpCommand.WindowSize)
                {
                    return mutated;
                }

                _lastReceiveTick = current;
                _rmt_wnd = header.WindowSize;
                mutated = HandleUnacknowledged(header.Unacknowledged) | mutated;
                mutated = UpdateSendUnacknowledged() | mutated;

                if (header.Command == KcpCommand.Ack)
                {
                    int rtt = TimeDiff(current, header.Timestamp);
                    if (rtt >= 0)
                    {
                        UpdateRto(rtt);
                    }
                    mutated = HandleAck(header.SerialNumber) | mutated;
                    mutated = UpdateSendUnacknowledged() | mutated;

                    if (!flag)
                    {
                        flag = true;
                        maxack = header.SerialNumber;
                        latest_ts = header.Timestamp;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (TimeDiff(_snd_nxt, maxack) > 0)
                        {
#if !IKCP_FASTACK_CONSERVE
                            maxack = header.SerialNumber;
                            latest_ts = header.Timestamp;
#else
                            if (TimeDiff(header.Timestamp, latest_ts) > 0) {
						        maxack = header.SerialNumber;
						        latest_ts = header.Timestamp;
					        }
#endif
                        }
                    }
                }
                else if (header.Command == KcpCommand.Push)
                {
                    if (TimeDiff(header.SerialNumber, _rcv_nxt + _rcv_wnd) < 0)
                    {
                        AckPush(header.SerialNumber, header.Timestamp);
                        if (TimeDiff(header.SerialNumber, _rcv_nxt) >= 0)
                        {
                            mutated = HandleData(header, packet.Slice(0, length)) | mutated;
                        }

                        if (_receiveWindowNotificationOptions is not null)
                        {
                            if (_ts_rcv_notify_wait != 0)
                            {
                                _ts_rcv_notify_wait = 0;
                                _ts_rcv_notify = current + (uint)_receiveWindowNotificationOptions.InitialInterval;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                else if (header.Command == KcpCommand.WindowProbe)
                {
                    _probe |= KcpProbeType.AskTell;
                }
                else if (header.Command == KcpCommand.WindowSize)
                {
                    // do nothing
                }
                else
                {
                    return mutated;
                }

                packet = packet.Slice(length);
            }

            if (flag)
            {
                HandleFastAck(maxack, latest_ts);
            }

            if (TimeDiff(_snd_una, prev_una) > 0)
            {
                bool lockTaken = false;
                try
                {
                    _cwndUpdateLock.Enter(ref lockTaken);

                    uint cwnd = _cwnd;
                    uint incr = _incr;

                    if (cwnd < _rmt_wnd)
                    {
                        uint mss = (uint)_mss;
                        if (cwnd < _ssthresh)
                        {
                            cwnd++;
                            incr += mss;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            if (incr < mss)
                            {
                                incr = mss;
                            }
                            incr += (mss * mss) / incr + mss / 16;
                            cwnd = (incr + mss - 1) / (mss > 0 ? mss : 1);
                        }
                        if (cwnd > _rmt_wnd)
                        {
                            cwnd = _rmt_wnd;
                            incr = _rmt_wnd * mss;
                        }
                    }

                    _cwnd = cwnd;
                    _incr = incr;
                }
                finally
                {
                    if (lockTaken)
                    {
                        _cwndUpdateLock.Exit();
                    }
                }
            }

            return mutated;
        }

        private bool HandleUnacknowledged(uint una)
        {
            bool mutated = false;
            lock (_sndBuf)
            {
                LinkedListNodeOfBufferItem? node = _sndBuf.First;
                while (node is not null)
                {
                    LinkedListNodeOfBufferItem? next = node.Next;

                    if (TimeDiff(una, node.ValueRef.Segment.SerialNumber) > 0)
                    {
                        _sndBuf.Remove(node);
                        ref KcpBuffer dataRef = ref node.ValueRef.Data;
                        _sendQueue.SubtractUnflushedBytes(dataRef.Length);
                        dataRef.Release();
                        dataRef = default;
                        _cache.Return(node);
                        mutated = true;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        break;
                    }

                    node = next;
                }
            }
            return mutated;
        }

        private bool UpdateSendUnacknowledged()
        {
            lock (_sndBuf)
            {
                LinkedListNodeOfBufferItem? first = _sndBuf.First;
                uint snd_una = first is null ? _snd_nxt : first.ValueRef.Segment.SerialNumber;
                uint old_snd_una = (uint)Interlocked.Exchange(ref Unsafe.As<uint, int>(ref _snd_una), (int)snd_una);
                return snd_una != old_snd_una;
            }
        }

        private void UpdateRto(int rtt)
        {
            if (_rx_srtt == 0)
            {
                _rx_srtt = rtt;
                _rx_rttval = rtt / 2;
            }
            else
            {
                int delta = rtt - _rx_srtt;
                if (delta < 0)
                {
                    delta = -delta;
                }
                _rx_rttval = (3 * _rx_rttval + delta) / 4;
                _rx_srtt = (7 * _rx_srtt + rtt) / 8;
                if (_rx_srtt < 1)
                {
                    _rx_srtt = 1;
                }
            }
            int rto = _rx_srtt + Math.Max((int)_interval, 4 * _rx_rttval);
#if NEED_MATH_SHIM
            _rx_rto = Math.Min(Math.Max((uint)rto, _rx_minrto), IKCP_RTO_MAX);
#else
            _rx_rto = Math.Clamp((uint)rto, _rx_minrto, IKCP_RTO_MAX);
#endif
        }

        private bool HandleAck(uint serialNumber)
        {
            if (TimeDiff(serialNumber, _snd_una) < 0 || TimeDiff(serialNumber, _snd_nxt) >= 0)
            {
                return false;
            }

            lock (_sndBuf)
            {
                LinkedListNodeOfBufferItem? node = _sndBuf.First;
                while (node is not null)
                {
                    LinkedListNodeOfBufferItem? next = node.Next;

                    if (serialNumber == node.ValueRef.Segment.SerialNumber)
                    {
                        _sndBuf.Remove(node);
                        ref KcpBuffer dataRef = ref node.ValueRef.Data;
                        _sendQueue.SubtractUnflushedBytes(dataRef.Length);
                        dataRef.Release();
                        dataRef = default;
                        _cache.Return(node);
                        return true;
                    }

                    if (TimeDiff(serialNumber, node.ValueRef.Segment.SerialNumber) < 0)
                    {
                        return false;
                    }

                    node = next;
                }
            }

            return false;
        }

        private bool HandleData(KcpPacketHeader header, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
        {
            uint serialNumber = header.SerialNumber;
            if (TimeDiff(serialNumber, _rcv_nxt + _rcv_wnd) >= 0 || TimeDiff(serialNumber, _rcv_nxt) < 0)
            {
                return false;
            }

            bool mutated = false;
            bool repeat = false;
            LinkedListNodeOfBufferItem? node;
            lock (_rcvBuf)
            {
                if (_transportClosed)
                {
                    return false;
                }
                node = _rcvBuf.Last;
                while (node is not null)
                {
                    uint nodeSerialNumber = node.ValueRef.Segment.SerialNumber;
                    if (serialNumber == nodeSerialNumber)
                    {
                        repeat = true;
                        break;
                    }
                    if (TimeDiff(serialNumber, nodeSerialNumber) > 0)
                    {
                        break;
                    }

                    node = node.Previous;
                }

                if (!repeat)
                {
                    KcpRentedBuffer buffer = _bufferPool.Rent(new KcpBufferPoolRentOptions(data.Length, false));
                    var item = new KcpSendReceiveBufferItem
                    {
                        Data = KcpBuffer.CreateFromSpan(buffer, data),
                        Segment = header
                    };
                    if (node is null)
                    {
                        _rcvBuf.AddFirst(_cache.Allocate(in item));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        _rcvBuf.AddAfter(node, _cache.Allocate(in item));
                    }
                    mutated = true;
                }

                // move available data from rcv_buf -> rcv_queue
                node = _rcvBuf.First;
                while (node is not null)
                {
                    LinkedListNodeOfBufferItem? next = node.Next;

                    if (node.ValueRef.Segment.SerialNumber == _rcv_nxt && _receiveQueue.GetQueueSize() < _rcv_wnd)
                    {
                        _rcvBuf.Remove(node);
                        _receiveQueue.Enqueue(node.ValueRef.Data, node.ValueRef.Segment.Fragment);
                        node.ValueRef.Data = default;
                        _cache.Return(node);
                        _rcv_nxt++;
                        mutated = true;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        break;
                    }

                    node = next;
                }
            }

            return mutated;
        }

        private void AckPush(uint serialNumber, uint timestamp) => _ackList.Add(serialNumber, timestamp);

        private void HandleFastAck(uint serialNumber, uint timestamp)
        {
            if (TimeDiff(serialNumber, _snd_una) < 0 || TimeDiff(serialNumber, _snd_nxt) >= 0)
            {
                return;
            }

            lock (_sndBuf)
            {
                LinkedListNodeOfBufferItem? node = _sndBuf.First;
                while (node is not null)
                {
                    LinkedListNodeOfBufferItem? next = node.Next;
                    if (TimeDiff(serialNumber, node.ValueRef.Segment.SerialNumber) < 0)
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                    else if (serialNumber != node.ValueRef.Segment.SerialNumber)
                    {
                        ref KcpSendSegmentStats stats = ref node.ValueRef.Stats;
#if !IKCP_FASTACK_CONSERVE
                        stats = new KcpSendSegmentStats(stats.ResendTimestamp, stats.Rto, stats.FastAck + 1, stats.TransmitCount);
#else
                        if (TimeDiff(timestamp, node.ValueRef.Segment.Timestamp) >= 0)
                        {
                            stats = new KcpSendSegmentStats(stats.ResendTimestamp, stats.Rto, stats.FastAck + 1, stats.TransmitCount);
                        }
#endif
                    }

                    node = next;
                }
            }
        }

        private static uint GetTimestamp() => (uint)Environment.TickCount;

        private static int TimeDiff(uint later, uint earlier) => (int)(later - earlier);

        /// <summary>
        /// Get the size of the next available message in the receive queue.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="result">The transport state and the size of the next available message.</param>
        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The receive or peek operation is initiated concurrently.</exception>
        /// <returns>True if the receive queue contains at least one message. False if the receive queue is empty or the transport is closed.</returns>
        public bool TryPeek(out KcpConversationReceiveResult result)
            => _receiveQueue.TryPeek(out result);

        /// <summary>
        /// Remove the next available message in the receive queue and copy its content into <paramref name="buffer"/>. When in stream mode, move as many bytes as possible into <paramref name="buffer"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="buffer">The buffer to receive message.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The transport state and the count of bytes moved into <paramref name="buffer"/>.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">The size of the next available message is larger than the size of <paramref name="buffer"/>. This exception is never thrown in stream mode.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The receive or peek operation is initiated concurrently.</exception>
        /// <returns>True if the next available message is moved into <paramref name="buffer"/>. False if the receive queue is empty or the transport is closed.</returns>
        public bool TryReceive(Span<byte> buffer, out KcpConversationReceiveResult result)
            => _receiveQueue.TryReceive(buffer, out result);

        /// <summary>
        /// Wait until the receive queue contains at least one full message, or at least one byte in stream mode.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cancellationToken">The token to cancel this operation.</param>
        /// <exception cref="OperationCanceledException">The <paramref name="cancellationToken"/> is fired before receive operation is completed.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The receive or peek operation is initiated concurrently.</exception>
        /// <returns>A <see cref="ValueTask{KcpConversationReceiveResult}"/> that completes when the receive queue contains at least one full message, or at least one byte in stream mode. Its result contains the transport state and the size of the available message.</returns>
        public ValueTask<KcpConversationReceiveResult> WaitToReceiveAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
            => _receiveQueue.WaitToReceiveAsync(cancellationToken);

        /// <summary>
        /// Wait until the receive queue contains at leat <paramref name="minimumBytes"/> bytes.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="minimumBytes">The minimum bytes in the receive queue.</param>
        /// <param name="cancellationToken">The token to cancel this operation.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException"><paramref name="minimumBytes"/> is a negative integer.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="OperationCanceledException">The <paramref name="cancellationToken"/> is fired before receive operation is completed.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The receive or peek operation is initiated concurrently.</exception>
        /// <returns>A <see cref="ValueTask{Boolean}"/> that completes when the receive queue contains at least <paramref name="minimumBytes"/> bytes. The result of the task is false when the transport is closed.</returns>
        public ValueTask<bool> WaitForReceiveQueueAvailableDataAsync(int minimumBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
            => _receiveQueue.WaitForAvailableDataAsync(minimumBytes, 0, cancellationToken);

        /// <summary>
        /// Wait until the receive queue contains at leat <paramref name="minimumBytes"/> bytes, and also <paramref name="minimumSegments"/> segments.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="minimumBytes">The minimum bytes in the receive queue.</param>
        /// <param name="minimumSegments">The minimum segments in the receive queue</param>
        /// <param name="cancellationToken">The token to cancel this operation.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException">Any od <paramref name="minimumBytes"/> and <paramref name="minimumSegments"/> is a negative integer.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="OperationCanceledException">The <paramref name="cancellationToken"/> is fired before receive operation is completed.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The receive or peek operation is initiated concurrently.</exception>
        /// <returns>A <see cref="ValueTask{Boolean}"/> that completes when the receive queue contains at least <paramref name="minimumBytes"/> bytes. The result of the task is false when the transport is closed.</returns>
        public ValueTask<bool> WaitForReceiveQueueAvailableDataAsync(int minimumBytes, int minimumSegments, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
            => _receiveQueue.WaitForAvailableDataAsync(minimumBytes, minimumSegments, cancellationToken);

        /// <summary>
        /// Wait for the next full message to arrive if the receive queue is empty. Remove the next available message in the receive queue and copy its content into <paramref name="buffer"/>. When in stream mode, move as many bytes as possible into <paramref name="buffer"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="buffer">The buffer to receive message.</param>
        /// <param name="cancellationToken">The token to cancel this operation.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">The size of the next available message is larger than the size of <paramref name="buffer"/>. This exception is never thrown in stream mode.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="OperationCanceledException">The <paramref name="cancellationToken"/> is fired before send operation is completed.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The receive or peek operation is initiated concurrently.</exception>
        /// <returns>A <see cref="ValueTask{KcpConversationReceiveResult}"/> that completes when a full message is moved into <paramref name="buffer"/> or the transport is closed. Its result contains the transport state and the count of bytes written into <paramref name="buffer"/>.</returns>
        public ValueTask<KcpConversationReceiveResult> ReceiveAsync(Memory<byte> buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
            => _receiveQueue.ReceiveAsync(buffer, cancellationToken);

        internal ValueTask<int> ReadAsync(Memory<byte> buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
            => _receiveQueue.ReadAsync(buffer, cancellationToken);

        /// <summary>
        /// Cancel the current receive operation.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>True if the current operation is canceled. False if there is no active send operation.</returns>
        public bool CancelPendingReceive()
            => _receiveQueue.CancelPendingOperation(null, default);

        /// <summary>
        /// Cancel the current receive operation.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="innerException">The inner exception of the <see cref="OperationCanceledException"/> thrown by the <see cref="ReceiveAsync(Memory{byte}, CancellationToken)"/> method or <see cref="WaitToReceiveAsync(CancellationToken)"/> method.</param>
        /// <param name="cancellationToken">The <see cref="CancellationToken"/> in the <see cref="OperationCanceledException"/> thrown by the <see cref="ReceiveAsync(Memory{byte}, CancellationToken)"/> method or <see cref="WaitToReceiveAsync(CancellationToken)"/> method.</param>
        /// <returns>True if the current operation is canceled. False if there is no active send operation.</returns>
        public bool CancelPendingReceive(Exception? innerException, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
            => _receiveQueue.CancelPendingOperation(innerException, cancellationToken);

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public void SetTransportClosed()
        {
            _transportClosed = true;
            Interlocked.Exchange(ref _updateActivation, null)?.Dispose();
            CancellationTokenSource? updateLoopCts = Interlocked.Exchange(ref _updateLoopCts, null);
            if (updateLoopCts is not null)
            {
                updateLoopCts.Cancel();
                updateLoopCts.Dispose();
            }

            _sendQueue.SetTransportClosed();
            _receiveQueue.SetTransportClosed();
            lock (_sndBuf)
            {
                LinkedListNodeOfBufferItem? node = _sndBuf.First;
                LinkedListNodeOfBufferItem? next = node?.Next;
                while (node is not null)
                {
                    lock (node)
                    {
                        node.ValueRef.Data.Release();
                        node.ValueRef = default;
                    }

                    _sndBuf.Remove(node);
                    node = next;
                    next = node?.Next;
                }
            }
            lock (_rcvBuf)
            {
                LinkedListNodeOfBufferItem? node = _rcvBuf.First;
                while (node is not null)
                {
                    node.ValueRef.Data.Release();
                    node = node.Next;
                }
                _rcvBuf.Clear();
            }
            _queueItemCache.Clear();
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public void Dispose()
        {
            bool disposed = _disposed;
            _disposed = true;
            SetTransportClosed();
            if (!disposed)
            {
                _sendQueue.Dispose();
                _receiveQueue.Dispose();
            }
        }

    }
}